Abstract
Background: Germ cell tumors (GCT) situated in the head and neck region are very rare and occur
predominantely in newborns or young infants. Recurrent CTs are often resectable only
by mutilating surgery and the need for alternative treatment strategies is obvious.
In this situation radiation therapy is the most important treatment option for loco-regional
tumor control, but bear in this area the risk of possible impairment of brain function
and face deformation as long term effects.
Case report: In a girl with a connatal expansive growing teratoma of the skull the tumor recurred
in spite of repeated surgery as mixed malignant GCT at the age of 15 months. Tumor
control could not be achieved with chemotherapy and additional surgery seemed not
promising. Therefore high dose proton beam therapy (PT) (54 Gy) has been administered
to the child at the age of 22 months and led to local tumor control with only mild
side effects.
Conclusion: PT treatment may be an option for specific clinical conditions in germ cell tumors
where local tumor control cannot be achieved by chemotherapy and/or surgery and long
lasting side effects of conventional radiotherapy due to tumor localization and age
have to be considered. However, PT should be implemented in treatment protocols for
specific situations to guarantee supervised application, central documentation and
follow-up.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Keimzelltumoren im Kopf-Hals-Bereich sind selten und treten meistens bei Neugeborenen
und Kleinkindern auf. Rezidivierte Tumoren können aufgrund der Lage oft nicht ohne
Mutilierung entfernt werden. Daher kommt der Radiotherapie besondere Bedeutung zur
Erreichung einer lokalen Tumorkontrolle zu. Spätfolgen dieser Therapie im Kopfbereich
können die Hirnfunktion beeinträchtigen oder zu Gesichtsdeformationen führen.
Falldarstellung: Bei einem Mädchen mit einem konnatalen Teratom der Schädelbasis rezidivierte der
mehrfach operierte Tumor im Alter von 15 Monaten als gemischter maligner Keimzelltumor.
Mit Chemotherapie war es möglich, die maligne Komponente erfolgreich zu behandeln.
Zum Erreichen der lokalen Tumorkontrolle wurde dann im Alter von 22 Monaten die Protonenbestrahlung
(54 Gy) eingesetzt, die nur geringe Langzeitfolgen verursacht hat.
Schlussfolgerung: PT ist eine Behandlungsoption für Keimzelltumoren des Kindes- und Jugendalters, wenn
eine lokale Tumorkontrolle mit anderen Optionen nicht erreicht werden kann oder die
zu erwartenden Langzeitfolgen aufgrund von Lokalisation und Alter nicht akzeptabel
sind. PT sollte aber in Therapieprotokolle implementiert werden, um eine supervisierte
Indikationsstellung, zentrale Dokumentation und Nachbeobachtung zu garantieren.
Key words
head and neck - infants - germ cell tumors - local tumor control - proton beam therapy
Schlüsselwörter
Kopf-Hals-Tumoren - Kleinkinder - Keimzelltumoren - lokale Tumorkontrolle - Protonenbestrahlung
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Correspondence
Dr. Gabriele Calaminus
University Münster
Pediatric Hematology and
Oncology
Albert-Schweitzer-Straße 33
48129 Münster
Germany
Phone: +49/251/835 8060
Fax: +49/251/8358 7574
Email: gabriele.calaminus@ukmuenster.de